1. 网络接口配置

在Linux中，不管是物理网卡还是虚拟网卡，都会在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts目录下有一个ifcfg-interface的关联配置文件，其中interface为网卡名称，如：

# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
# ls ifcfg-*
ifcfg-eth0  ifcfg-eth1  ifcfg-lo

在上面这个例子中，系统有两个网卡配置文件：ifcfg-eth0和ifcfg-eth1，还有一个用于loopback网卡ifcfg-lo。操作系统在引导时会读取配置文件并配置网络接口；

1.1. 一、网卡配置案例

1.1.1. 1.1 the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

DEVICE="eth0"
NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
ONBOOT=yes
USERCTL=no
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
NAME="System eth0"
UUID=5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03
HWADDR=08:00:27:16:C3:33
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes

1.1.2. 1.2 static

DEVICE="eth0"
NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
ONBOOT=yes
USERCTL=no
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
NAME="System eth0"
UUID=5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03
HWADDR=08:00:27:16:C3:33
IPADDR=192.168.1.101
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BROADCAST=192.168.1.255
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes

1.2. 二、配置参数

BOOTPROTO: 获取IP地址的方式（How the interface obtains its IP address:）
- bootp: Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP).
- dhcp: 动态获取；Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
- static: 静态IP
- none：手动
BROADCAST：IPv4广播地址；IPv4 broadcast address.
DEFROUTE Whether this interface is the default route.
DEVICE： 接口名（设备，网卡）；Name of the physical network interface device (or a PPP logical device).
HWADDR： 硬件地址（即MAC地址） Media access control (MAC) address of an Ethernet device.
IPADDR：地址； IPv4 address of the interface.
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL： Whether the device is disabled if IPv4 configuration fails.
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL： Whether the device is disabled if IPv6 configuration fails.
IPV6ADDR： IPv6 address of the interface in CIDR notation. For example: IPV6ADDR="2001:db8:1e11:115b::1/32"
IPV6INIT： Whether to enable IPv6 for the interface.
MASTER: Specifies the name of the master bonded interface, of which this interface is slave.
NAME: Name of the interface as displayed in the Network Connections GUI.
NETMASK: 网络掩码； IPv4 network mask of the interface.
NETWORK: IPV4 address of the network.
NM_CONTROLLED: Whether the network interface device is controlled by the network management daemon, NetworkManager.
ONBOOT: yes|no 系统启动时网络接口是否有效（value：yes/no） Whether the interface is activated at boot time.
PEERDNS: Whether the /etc/resolv.conf file used for DNS resolution contains information obtained from the DHCP server.
PEERROUTES: Whether the information for the routing table entry that defines the default gateway for the interface is obtained from the DHCP server.
SLAVE: Specifies that this interface is a component of a bonded interface.
TYPE: 网络类型（通常为Ethernet：以太网）; Interface type.
USERCTL: Whether users other than root can control the state of this interface.
UUID: Universally unique identifier for the network interface device. IPv4 broadcast address.
GATEWAY: 默认网关地址

2. 参考资料

About Network Interfaces

网卡接口