1. chown

chown 是 change owner的简写，主要的功能是改变档案的拥有者。

1.1. 命令格式

chown [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: chown [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...

1.2. 命令功能

Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP. With --reference, change the owner and group of each FILE to those of RFILE.

1.3. 命令参数

-R, --recursive: 常用进行递归的持续变更，即连同子目录下的所有档案、目录都变更。

Original: operate on files and directories recursively

1.4. Example

Owner is unchanged if missing. Group is unchanged if missing, but changed to login group if impliedadj. 含蓄的；暗指的 by a `:' following a symbolicadj. 象征的；符号的；使用符号的 OWNER. OWNER and GROUP may be numeric as well as symbolic.

chown root /u :Change the owner of /u to "root".
chown root:staff /u:Likewiseadv. 同样地；也同上。, but also change its group to "staff".

chown -hR root /u: Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".

1.5. 命令实例

更改test.txt档案的拥有者为root:

[root@localhost wangyuchuan]# chown root test.txt 
[root@localhost wangyuchuan]# ll
total 0
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root root 0 Jan 10 19:48 test.txt

接下来，我们再把档案的拥有者和群组改回wangyuchuan

[root@localhost wangyuchuan]# chown wangyuchuan:wangyuchuan test.txt
[root@localhost wangyuchuan]# ll
total 0
-rw-rw-r--. 1 wangyuchuan wangyuchuan 0 Jan 10 19:48 test.txt

更改test.txt档案的档案拥有者为test:

[root@localhost wangyuchuan]# chown test test.txt 
chown: invalid user: `test'

从结果可以看到，用户必须是已存在系统中的账号，也就是在/etc/passwd 这个档案中有纪录的用户才行。

chown